Fig. 3

Construction and activity measurement of engineered Enterococcus and insertional mutants. (a) Maps and cloning sites of the engineered Enterococcus construction system. The Enterococcus shuttle vector PAM401 drove the expression of both the promoter and the EntLX protein. Confirmation of engineered Enterococcus strains (EF, EM, EC) and insertion mutants (Δ1-Δ7) by PCR (b) and agarose gel electrophoresis (c). Engineered strains harboring the EntLX genes of EF, EM, and EC inhibited N. bombycis germination compared with the germination of the Enterococcus strains without the EntLX gene (CK). (d) Validation of the anti-microspore activity of engineered Enterococcus strains (EF, EM, EC) and insertion mutants (Δ1-Δ7) in vitro. The results showed that disulfide bonding was essential for anti-N. bombycis activity