Fig. 4

Resistance mechanisms of Streptococcus pneumoniae to oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. The first column before the antibiotics represents the strain identification numbers. (A) Resistance to oxazolidinones (linezolid, contezolid) linked to mutations in the 23S rRNA central loop of domain V. (B) Resistance to tetracyclines (tigecycline, eravacycline, omadacycline) associated with the presence of tet(M) and mutations in rpsC and rpsJ. Each percentage under the columns with gene names indicates the percentage of sequence identity of the gene compared to the reference strain. (C) Fluoroquinolone resistance (levofloxacin, nemonoxacin) linked to mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE, patA, and patB genes. The numbers under the gene name columns represent the number of mutations (mismatches or deletions) in the gene compared to the reference strain