Fig. 3

Lac-EVs inhibit M1 macrophage polarization after LPS challenge (A-B) The expression of iNOS and Arg1 was measured via RT-qPCR. (C-D) Analyses were performed using flow cytometry. The markers of M1 and M2 macrophages were CD86 and CD206, respectively. The ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages is shown in Fig. (E-F). The data are shown as the means ± SDs. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001)