Fig. 5

Feces from patients with functional constipation and comorbid psychiatric symptoms increased 5-HT production. (A) QGP-1 cells treated with fecal supernatant (fecal supernatant: medium = 1:5) for various times, and cell viability was assessed by CCK-8. (B, C) Expression of TPH1 gene and protein as detected using qRT-PCR and WB assay. (D) The 5-HT of cell culture medium supernatant was detected by ELISA